The International Kurash Association from 2010 is a signatory of the World Anti-Doping Code and follows rules and recommendations of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) in the fight against use of doping in sports. The IKA requests all its members and athletes to strictly follow the Rules and Regulations set by the WADA. Please see below the downloadable documents related to anti-doping matters in the IKA. For full information on anti-doping please refer to the WADA’s official website at www.wada-ama.org.
The WADA published the 2024 List of Prohibited Substances and Methods The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has published the 2025 List of Prohibited Substances and Methods (List), which was approved by WADA’s Executive Committee (ExCo) during its meeting on 12nd September 2024 and comes into force on 1st January 2025.
Introduction
This document was designed by the International Testing Agency (ITA) to support International Federations (IF) with the development of their respective anti-doping website sections and content as per the 2021 World Anti-Doping Code (Code). The purpose of an anti-doping section on IF websites is to make sure that all information is current and in line with the 2021 World Anti-Doping Code, to meet the requirements of the Code Art. 18.2 (Education Program and Plan by Signatories) and to ensure that all relevant anti-doping information is easily accessible to the IF community.
These guidelines are meant to be adapted to the needs and specificities of the sport and do not automatically guarantee compliance with the WADA International Standard for Education (ISE) or any other International Standards. It is important that the IF regularly reviews the website to make sure that the information provided is up to date.
Purpose
Code Art. 18.2, requests that the following components, at a minimum, shall be available on a website:
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) values are excellence, friendship and respect. The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) values are respect, integrity, fairness, collaboration and excellence.
The International Kurash Association supports this principle and has put in place a strong and comprehensive Education Program for Kurash athletes, Athlete Support Personnel and other members of the Kurash community in order to empower themselves to compete with integrity and fairness.
IKA values include those which are in line with the ‘spirit of sport’ which is the celebration of human spirit, body, and mind. It is the essence of Olympism and is reflected in the values we find through sport, including:
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) values are excellence, friendship and respect. The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) values are respect, integrity, fairness, collaboration and excellence.
The International Kurash Association supports this principle and has put in place a strong and comprehensive Education Program for Kurash athletes, Athlete Support Personnel and other members of the Kurash community in order to empower themselves to compete with integrity and fairness.
The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) is the independent international body responsible for harmonising anti-doping policies in all sports and all countries. The World Anti-Doping Code is the core document that harmonises anti-doping policies, rules and regulations within sport organisations around the world. The Code is supplemented by eight International Standards, including the Prohibited List that is updated at least annually.
As a Signatory of the World Anti-Doping Code, International Kurash Association is responsible for implementing an effective and Code-compliant anti-doping program for the sport of Kurash. The International Kurash Association also has its own set of anti-doping rules and it is important that those involved in the sport are familiar with them. These rules can be found here:
International Kurash Association has delegated the management of its Athlete Biological Passport, Compliance, Education, In-Competition Testing, Intelligence & Investigations, Long-Term storage, Out-of-Competition Testing, Results Management, Reveal, Test Distribution Plan Creation, Therapeutic Use Exemptions, and Whereabouts clean sport activities to the International testing Agency clean sport activities to the International Testing Agency (ITA), an independent organisation that manages anti-doping programs on behalf of International Federations and Major Event Organisers.
WADA, International Kurash Association, the ITA and the National Anti-Doping Organisations (NADOs) coordinate all anti-doping efforts within the sport of Kurash.
Rights and Responsibilities
Athletes, Athlete Support Personnel and other groups who are subject to anti-doping rules all have rights and responsibilities under the World Anti-Doping Code (Code). Part Three of the Code outlines these foreach stakeholder in the anti-doping system.
It is especially important that athletes and Athlete Support Personnel know and understand Code Art. 21 (Additional Roles and Responsibilities of Athletes and Other Persons), particularly Art. 21.1 (Roles and Responsibilities of Athletes), Art. 21.2 (Roles and Responsibilities of Athlete Support Personnel) and Art. 21.3 (Roles and Responsibilities of Other Persons Subject to the Code).
Athletes’ Rights
This section presents a summary of the key athlete rights. It is important that both athletes and Athlete Support Personnel know and understand these.
Ensuring that athletes are aware of their rights and these are respected is vital to the success of clean sport. Athlete rights exist throughout the Code and International Standards and they include:
The Athletes’ Anti-Doping Rights Act sets out these rights and responsibilities. For more information, you can refer directly to the document here: Athletes’ Anti-Doping Rights Act.
Athletes’ Responsibilities
It is equally important that athletes are aware of their anti-doping responsibilities. Athlete Support Personnel should also familiarise themselves with these in order to be able to support their athletes. These include:
Further details of these roles and responsibilities can be found in Code Art. 21.1.
Athletes also have specific rights and responsibilities during the Doping Control Process. Please refer to this section for more information on this.
Rights and Responsibilities of Athlete Support Personnel and other groups
Like athletes, Athlete Support Personnel and others under the jurisdiction of International Kurash Association also have rights and responsibilities as per the Code. These include:
Further details of these roles and responsibilities can be found in Code Art. 21.2 and 21.3.
THE PRINCIPLE OF STRICT LIABILITY
In anti-doping, the principle of Strict Liability applies – if it is in the athlete’s body, the athlete is responsible for it.
This means that every athlete is strictly liable for the substances found in their urine and/or blood sample collected during doping control, regardless of whether the athlete intentionally or unintentionally used a prohibited substance or method. Therefore, it is vital that athletes and Athlete Support Personnel know the rules and understand their responsibilities under the Code.
Athletes must know and understand the Prohibited List and with the risks associated with supplement use. More information on the Prohibited List, medications and supplements is available in the Prohibited List, Medications & Supplements section
https://www.wada-ama.org/en/prohibited-listIn anti-doping, the principle of Strict Liability applies – if it is in the athlete’s body, the athlete is responsible for it.
This means that every athlete is strictly liable for the substances found in their urine and/or blood sample collected during doping control, regardless of whether the athlete intentionally or unintentionally used a prohibited substance or method. Therefore, it is vital that athletes and Athlete Support Personnel know the rules and understand their responsibilities under the Code.
Athletes must know and understand the Prohibited List and with the risks associated with supplement use. More information on the Prohibited List, medications and supplements is available in the Prohibited List, Medications & Supplements section
https://www.wada-ama.org/en/prohibited-listDoping is defined as the occurrence of one or more of the following Anti-Doping Rule Violations (ADRVs) in line with Code Art. 2 (Anti-Doping Rule Violations):
The first four Anti-Doping Rule Violations apply only to athletes since they refer to the obligation not to take banned substances and the obligation to submit to testing.
The remaining seven Anti-Doping Rules apply to both the athletes and the Athlete Support Personnel including coaches, medical professionals, or anyone else working with the athlete or involved in anti-doping activities. National and International Federation administrators, officials and sample collection staff may also be liable for their conduct under the World Anti-Doping Code.
The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) produces a list of substances and methods that are banned in sport in the form of the Prohibited List. It is updated at least annually, with the new list taking effect on January 1 of each year.
It is important that athletes and Athlete Support Personnel are familiar with the Prohibited List and know how to check whether medications are prohibited in sport.
A substance or method can be added to the Prohibited List if it meets at least two of the following three criteria:
The Prohibited List includes substances and methods that are categorised into three groups:
According to the Code, the in-competition is the period commencing at 11:59 p.m. on the day before a Competition in which the Athlete is scheduled to participate through the end of such Competition and the Sample collection process related to such Competition
The in-competition period is very important to understand when it relates to substances that are prohibited in-competition. When a substance is prohibited in-competition, it must leave the athlete’s system by the time the said competition begins. It does not mean that the athlete must stop taking the substance by the time the in-competition period begins. Different substances take different amounts of time to leave the system – athletes must be extremely careful to make sure that they are not caught with a positive test as a result of taking a substance prohibited in-competition.
The most up-to-date version of the Prohibited List can be found here.
Checking Medications
We recommend using Global Drug Reference Online (Global DRO) to check all medications. Global DRO provides athletes and Athlete Support Personnel with information about the prohibited status of specific medications based on the current World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List.
Here are a few tips and tricks to help athletes and Athlete Support Personnel navigate the Prohibited List and to be able to select medications that are safe to take within the context of sport:
Risks of Supplements
Extreme caution is recommended regarding supplement use. A number of positive tests have been attributed to the misuse of supplements, poor labelling or contamination of dietary supplements, and there is no guarantee that a supplement is free from prohibited substances.
Risks of supplements include:
All athletes should do a risk-benefit assessment if they are considering the use supplements. The first step of such an assessment is to consider whether a “food-first” approach meets the athlete’s needs. Whenever possible, such assessment should be done with a support of a certified nutritionist or other qualified professional who is familiar with the global and International Kurash Association anti-doping rules.
Checking Supplements
If, after careful consideration, an athlete chooses to use supplements, they must take the necessary steps to minimise the risks. This includes:
Remember, no supplement is 100% risk-free but athletes and Athlete Support Personnel can take certain steps to minimise these risks.
For more information, please watch this ITA webinar on nutritional supplements.
For any questions on the TUE criteria or process, click here.
Introduction to Doping Control
The aim of testing is to detect and deter doping amongst athletes and to protect clean athletes. Any athlete under the testing jurisdiction of International Kurash Association may be tested at any time, with no advance notice, in- or out-of-competition, and be required to provide a urine or a blood sample.
Athletes can be tested by International Kurash Association, NADOs or Major Event Organisers. Certain International Federations and Major Event Organisers delegate part or all of their anti-doping programs to independent organisations like the International Testing Agency (ITA). For more information on International Kurash Association’s collaboration with the ITA, please visit https://ita.sport/partner/international-kurash-association-ika/
What to expect during the Doping Control Process
The doping control process is clearly defined by the World Anti-Doping Agency. This means that no matter where and when an athlete is tested, the process should remain the same.
The key steps of the doping control process are listed out in this Doping Control resource prepared by the International Testing Agency (also available in Arabic (عربى), Chinese (中文), French (français), German (deutsche), Italian (italiano), Japanese (日本語), Korean (한국어), Portuguese (português), Russian (русский) and Spanish (español).
To learn more about the doping control process, please watch this ITA webinar on urine and blood sample collection.
Rights & Responsibilities during Sample Collection
Athletes have a number of rights and responsibilities during sample collection.
Athlete rights during sample collection are to:
Athlete responsibilities during sample collection are to:
Athlete Biological Passport (ABP)
The Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) was introduced in 2009 and is a pillar method in the detection of doping. It is an individual electronic profile that monitors selected athlete biological variables that indirectly reveal the effects of doping. ABP is integrated directly into ADAMS.
If you wish to learn more about ABP, you can watch this ITA webinar recording.
A section covering the Requirements of the Registered Testing Pool, including Whereabouts and the use of ADAMS is a Code requirement.
Note: If the IF uses a system other than ADAMS (approved by WADA), please update the text below accordingly. It is also important that the IF carefully reviews and updates the text below to accurately reflect the Testing Pool requirements of their sport.
Registered Testing Pool (RTP)
The Registered Testing Pool (RTP) is the pool of highest-priority athletes established separately at the international level by the International Kurash Association and at the national level by National Anti-Doping Organisations.
Athletes included in the International Kurash Association RTP are subject to both in-competition and out-of-competition testing as part of International Kurash Association’s test distribution plan and are therefore required to provide Whereabouts information as provided in Code Art. 5.5 (Athletes Whereabouts Information) and the International Standard for Testing and Investigations.
The International Kurash Association updates the composition of the RTP on a regular basis. Athletes are included in the RTP based on a set of criteria and are notified by the International Testing Agency/International Kurash Association upon inclusion.
Inclusion in the RTP is done via the International Kurash Association Inclusion Letter – this document contains all the key information, deadlines and athlete’s responsibilities as it relates to athletes’ RTP obligations.
Whereabouts Requirements
RTP Athletes must regularly provide whereabouts and contact information in ADAMS, WADA’s online anti-doping administration and management system. This information helps Anti-Doping Organisations with testing jurisdiction over the athlete to plan out-of-competition testing.
The Whereabouts requirements include but are not limited to:
Submitting late, inaccurate or incomplete whereabouts information may result in a Filing Failure.
An athlete may receive a Missed Test if they are not available for testing during the 60-minute timeslot indicated in ADAMS. Three Whereabouts Failures (any combination of a Filing Failure and a Missed Test) occurring within a 12-month period will lead to an Anti-Doping Rule Violation and a potential two-year ban from sport.
It is important to note that under the Principle of Strict Liability, the athlete remains responsible for the information submitted, even if they have delegated this task to a member of their support team.
Below are some helpful whereabouts tips for athletes:
Retirement and Return to Competition
All international level athletes who decide to retire from competition must inform the (insert IF name (or ITA if this service is managed by them)) by completing the (include link to information for retirement process/relevant forms / by email (if ITA)). For RTP/TP Athletes, as soon as the retirement is officially confirmed to the (insert IF name / ITA), the athlete will be immediately withdrawn from the RTP. The ITA will send a written communication to acknowledge that this information has been received (include this line only is this service is managed by the ITA).
If the athlete then wishes to return to competition, this athlete cannot compete in international or national events until they have given six months prior written notice to the International Kurash Association (Code Art. 5.6: Retired Athletes Returning to Competition).
A section covering the Consequences of doping e.g., physical and mental health, social and economic effects, and sanctions, is a Code requirement.
See an example of how the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) has outlined the negative impacts of several doping substances on their website.
Beyond the legal consequences, an increasing number of public authorities and governments have adopted legislation that treats doping as a criminal act. Consequently, in addition to being ineligible to coach or compete, athletes or Athlete Support may face criminal charges in their country. If the national authorities of your country or region have adopted such legislation, you can outline the details of it in this section.
The ITA suggests including athlete quotes, testimonials and videos to demonstrate the negative effects of doping. Some examples of video testimonials are included below.
Effects of Performance Enhancing Drugs with Tyler Hamilton
Effects of Performance Enhancing Drugs with Yulia Stepanova
Andreas Krieger: Heidi’s Farthest Throw
The Consequences of Doping
There are many risks associated with doping. From negative effects on mental and physical health, to loss of sponsorship or prize money, to permanent damage to an athlete’s image and relationships, it is important to understand and consider all consequences of doping. Below is a list of some of the common consequences of not competing clean.
Health
The use of Performance-enhancing Drugs (PEDs) may have long- and short-term impacts on the Athlete’s physical and mental health.
Depending on the substance, the dosage and the duration of use, some PEDs have been proven to have severe side effects and can cause irreversible damage to an athlete’s body.
In addition to the physical aspects, scientific research has shown that there is a considerable correlation between the use of PEDs and mental health issues. Most commonly, it was found that the use of doping substances can trigger anxiety, obsessive disorders or psychosis.
Social
Being associated with doping or a doping offence will have an impact on the person’s reputation and social relations. In the public view, Athletes or other persons convicted of doping are often considered “cheaters” and experience many forms of stigma.
Doping has a significant negative impact on the person’s private life and social interactions as people may feel that they no longer want to be connected to someone who has damaged the reputation of a sport and displayed poor judgement.
Financial
A ban resulting from an Anti-Doping Rule Violation (ADRV) will have a significant financial impact on the individual. For athletes, this includes, but is not limited to, the requirement to return prize money or a financial sanction. Other negative consequences of doping include termination of contracts and sponsorship deals, loss of government funding and other forms of financial support.
Sanctions
An Anti-Doping Rule Violation (ADRV) will have an impact on an athlete’s ability to train and compete. For coaches and other Athlete Support Personnel, a ban may mean that they are no longer able to work with athletes. A sanction resulting from an ADRV can range from a warning to a lifetime ban from all sport.
It is also important to note that individuals banned in the sport of Kurash will also be prohibited from playing, coaching or working with athletes in any other capacity in a different sport.
It is also a violation of the Code to work with Athlete Support Personnel who have been sanctioned by an ADO, as well as any coaches, trainers, physicians or other Athlete Support Personnel who are ineligible on account of an ADRV, or those who have been criminally convicted or professionally disciplined in relation to doping.
A full list of sanctioned athletes and Athlete Support Personnel in the sport of Kurash can be found below in accordance with Code Art. 14.3 (Public Disclosure).
Table of Sanctions
| Date of decision | Name | Role (Athlete/coach) | Rule violation | Substance | Sanction | Ban commenced | Ban ends | Full decision (link to case) |
| 28 November 2022 | Nagamboulou Modeshe, Ama | Athlete | Art. 2.1 | Furosemide | Period of Ineligibility of 2 years | 28 November 2022 to 8 March 2023 | 27 November 2022 | Link |
A full list of all Athlete Support Personnel who are currently suspended from working with athletes or other persons can be found on WADA’s Prohibited Association List.
Athletes and Athlete Support Personnel (ASP) play a key role in protecting the integrity of sport. Any suspicions of doping or related activity can be report through REVEAL, the International Testing Agency’s (ITA’s) confidential reporting platform.” (next paragraph) “ REVEAL enables anonymous reporting in a secure manner while actively supporting the investigation of Anti-Doping Rule Violations (ADRVs) or related activities. All information is treated confidentially and in accordance with a strict handling policy.
Let’s keep sport real together!.
In accordance with the International Standard for the Protection of Privacy and Personal Information (ISPPPI), Anti-Doping Organisations (ADOs) shall inform Participants or Persons to whom the Personal Information relates about the Processing of their Personal Information in the context of the ADO activities. This can be achieved by providing notice to the relevant individuals that explains the ADO data processing activities and related information before or when collecting Personal Information.
In this context, an ADO may decide to publish on its website an Anti-Doping Privacy Notice (and if applicable an Athlete Consent Form) prepared in accordance with the ISPPPI and any national/international regulations applicable to the ADO.
An ADO can refer to the ISPPPI and to the WADA Guidelines for the International Standard for the Protection of Privacy and Personal Information for more information on this subject.
Clean Sport Education
With the enactment of the 2021 World Anti-Doping Code and the new International Standard for Education, anti-doping education has become a key step towards ensuring a clean and fair field of play. Effective education and clean sport values-based education programs are important to create a strong doping-free culture.
The International Kurash Association supports this principle and has put in place a strong and comprehensive Education Program for Kurash athletes, Athlete Support Personnel and other members of the Kurash community. To learn more about these initiatives, you can consult the International Kurash Association Education Plan:
It is strongly recommended that all International Kurash Association athletes, coaches and other Athlete Support Personnel take the time to get educated and informed using the many available anti-doping educational tools and resources. Topic-specific resources are included as direct links within that topic, other, more general resources and materials are listed below.
WADA ADEL Platform
ADELis WADA’s global Anti-Doping Education and Learning Platform. ADEL welcomes anyone who wants to learn about clean sport – the e-learning courses are free for all.
There are courses for athletes of different levels, as well as for coaches, and other support personnel. These include:
ADEL courses are available in many different languages. If your language is not available at the time of login, make sure to check the ADEL Roadmap section of the website to see what courses are currently being translated and to which languages.
ITA Athlete Hub
The International Kurash Association recommends regularly visiting the International Testing Agency’s Athlete Hub for the latest news, articles and informational resources. The Resources section is also helpful if you are looking for a specific document.
ITA Monthly Webinars
All members of the International Kurash Association community are invited to take part in the ITA webinar series. Each month, anti-doping experts or athlete guests discuss key anti-doping topics relevant to athletes and Athlete Support Personnel. All webinars are free and accessible to any interested member of the global sport community. The webinars are delivered in English with simultaneous translation to Arabic, French, Russian and Spanish.
Registration for each webinar opens 2-3 weeks prior to the live session on the ITA Athlete Hub and on the ITA social media channels. Previous webinars can also be viewed on the Athlete Hub.
General inquiries info@kurash-ika.org
The contacts external to IKA but relevant to Anti-Doping jjoohee79@hotmail.com, ika@ita.sport
List of Member Federation contacts
African Kurash Union – thomas@kurash-africa.com
Kurash Confederation of Asia – info@kurash-kcao.org
European Kurash Confederation – eukurash@gmail.com
Pan American Kurash Union – unionpanamericanadekurash@gmail.com
REVEAL – reveal@ita.sport
TUE matters – tue@ita.sport
ADAMS matters – (https://adams-help.wada-ama.org/hc/en-us)
The International Standards: